And, most importantly, it not only saves energy, but also protects the environment, because summer time avoids the release into the Italian atmosphere, during its duration of at least 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide. For political reasons, winter time is de facto suspended in some countries and summer time is introduced throughout the year. In many countries, therefore, more direct terminology is used to refer to summer time or „summer time“. A more accurate name, because it refers to the purpose of daylight saving time and therefore has nothing to do with the reference to the summer season, is that of „summer time“ (DST). Luigi Luiggi was the main promoter of the initiative, after studying how summer time works abroad and the positive impact on the economies of the countries that adopted it. However, on 26 March 2019, the European Parliament decided that the time change would be abolished after 2021. From 2022, each country would have chosen to keep summer time or winter time throughout the year: those who opted for daylight saving time will have to adjust their clocks for the last time on the last Sunday in March 2021, while those who have opted for winter time will set their clocks for the last time on the last Sunday in October 2021. We indicate the date and time of the start and end of daylight saving time in Italy from midnight on June 4, 1916, when daylight saving time was first introduced in our country. Please note that until 2012, summer time was introduced in Italy year after year in accordance with EU regulations, but Law of 4 June 2010 No. 96, art. 22, the European Directive 2000/84/EC has been implemented, which establishes common dates and times for all countries of the European Union for the beginning and end of summer time or the last Sunday of March at 01:00 UTC (02:00 Italian solar time) and the last Sunday of October at 01:00 UTC (03:00 Italian summer time).
Other countries outside the European Union, including Switzerland, comply with this convention. In the United States of America, as of 2007, daylight saving time begins on the second Sunday in March at 02:00 local time (based on the 6 different time zones of the United States territory) and returns to winter time on the first Sunday in November. The forward shift takes place in early spring and is removed, restoring solar time to autumn when short days negate the benefits of daylight saving time and therefore it would be pointless to maintain it. Daylight saving time is the convention of moving the hands of clocks forward one hour in summer to extend sunlight in the late afternoon at the expense of the early morning. In ancient societies and before the spread of clocks, the organization of agricultural civilizations was not based on fixed biorhythms as in modern industrialized civilizations. The peasants, who constituted the great majority of the population, always rose at dawn, unconsciously following the gradual advance of spring or late autumn: in the Roman Empire, the so-called previous hour was always that which followed the sunrise, regardless of when this astronomical event took place. In modern times, daylight saving time only partially reproduces this centuries-old change in human biorhythms according to the seasons. [5] This is the first obvious observation.
Let`s read on to follow the reasoning. Ah, the italics are mine: „It is obvious that if in summer everyone woke up and did everything an hour earlier, if we had lunch in the evening [sooner or later, we will also say why, until not so long ago, what we now call dinner was called lunch] at 7 o`clock instead of 8, when theatres opened at 8 a.m. instead of 9 a.m., If street lighting was reduced to 11 a.m. instead of midnight, if those who turn off the lamp at 11 a.m. turn it off at 10 a.m. and so on [too bad, I would have liked a thousand more examples, otherwise], this would lead to a huge saving of electricity, gas, acetylene, candles, oil, etc. In France, it is estimated that the saving would be 100 million [don`t say what…] for the whole season, in Italy the economy would be even greater given the higher price of coal: Ing. Luiggi expects 150 million.“ The start of daylight saving time in March requires moving our hands forward and, as we have theoretically seen, we can sleep an hour less. This change can impact the human body, as it can alter sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms. In the past, summer-time days were set from time to time, whereas today, when implementing a European directive, the process has been simplified by conventionally fixing the entry into summer time on the last Sunday in March and the return to winter time on the last Sunday in October.
It should be noted that the savings estimated by Terna, indicated above in the Savings column, relate only to lighting consumption, also with the exception of street lighting controlled by astronomical clocks or twilight sensors. In detail, in an ENEA document we find data from 2010, the source of which is Terna. [45] In a document available on Terna`s website, Statistical data, year 2010, under General data, the total network demand amounts to 330 455 GWh, which corresponds to the value indicated above in the Consumption column for 2010. If this demand is removed, the reported grid losses in 20,570 GW result in a user consumption of 309.8 TWh, the value given in the ENEA document on the Lumière project. Of these 309.8 TWh, according to data provided by Terna, a total of 50.8 TWh is consumed for lighting and broken down by sector: 0.5 TWh in agriculture, 13.4 TWh in industry, 36.9 TWh in the civil sector. Lighting consumption in the civil sector is again expressed in 21.4 TWh by the tertiary and commercial sector and 6.1 TWh by public lighting, which together form the tertiary sector. The remaining 9.4 TWh of the civil sector is made up of the residential sector. Excluding public lighting, in 2010 there is a consumption of 44.7 TWh for lighting, to which the estimate of 644.4 GWh (or 0.6444 TW·h) refers, savings due to the one-hour time change, mainly during the shoulder season months, i.e. spring and autumn. Indeed, Terna`s press release for 2010 shows the largest savings in April (150 GWh) and October (194 GWh), followed by June (87 GWh) and September (85.5 GWh).
Therefore, the estimated savings in 2010 represented 1.44% of the potential lighting consumption that could have been affected by the time change. Unfortunately, in the other years before or after 2010, Terna does not seem to have delivered lighting consumption broken down by sector. Daylight saving time, originally scheduled for 1965, was set for 1966. [22] Daylight saving time in 2022 takes effect on Sunday, March 27 at 02:00 (night between Saturday and Sunday), date and time at which you must advance the clock time to 60 minutes. From 1980 onwards, the beginning of summer time was planned for a Europe Agreement with several countries of the European Economic Community. [24] Daylight saving time in Italy is the anticipation of an hour to enjoy the summer presence of the sun in the morning. Summer time was introduced by the Kingdom of Italy from 1916 and from 1940 on the occasion of the two world wars during two periods; From 1966 it was taken over in a stable form. In addition, it was the first time since 1893 that action had been taken on schedule. This year (Royal Decree of 10 August) the International Convention on the Adoption of the Time Zone was adopted, dividing Europe into three one-hour parts. Terna, the company responsible for managing electricity flows in the high-voltage grid in Italy, estimates the savings made possible by the introduction of summer time every year.
Komentari su zatvoreni.