A Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU, pronounced as monosyllabic „M`you“ IPA: /mjuː/) is the smallest air-to-ground task force (MAGTF) of the United States Fleet Marine Force. [1] Each MEU is an expedition rapid reaction force deployed to respond immediately to any crisis, whether it is a natural disaster or a combat mission. [1] Marine Amphibious Unit (MAU) was the name used until the late 1980s. The Land Combat Element (LCE) is based on the Battalion Landing Team (BLT), an infantry battalion reinforced with an artillery battery, an amphibious assault vehicle platoon, a combat pioneer platoon, a light armoured reconnaissance company, a reconnaissance platoon and other units, depending on the mission and circumstances. The total strength is approximately 1,100 members, including Navy sailors. Interim or reinforcement phase: After completing an operation, EMU remains „special operations capable“ for approximately one month and ready to respond to events around the world. However, they are not considered a special unit by the Ministry of Defense. The MEU then releases its key child elements (MSE) and retains only its control element. This period allows the Command Element to rotate selected personnel and begin planning for the addition of reassigned MEPs and „refurbishment training“.
After receiving the MSEs, EMU begins intensive six-month training prior to deployment. The strength of an MEU is approximately 2,200 (normal and peacetime) to 4,400 (mobilization and wartime). An MEU is usually commanded by a colonel and deployed from amphibious assault ships. Currently, an MEU houses personnel and equipment aboard the amphibious warships of an expeditionary attack group (ESG), which also includes escort ships and submarines, to protect them from air, surface and underwater threats. For additional protection and strong air support, an ESG is often used with one or more carrier strike groups. The MEU is unique in that its air and ground combat elements are combined with the support of combat services under a single commander. The Air-to-Ground Task Force concept is designed to fully exploit the combat power inherent in air and ground assets by integrating them tightly into a single force. The MEU provides all the supplies it needs to feed itself for the rapid accomplishment of the mission or pave the way for follow-on forces. The MEU is an expeditionary task force capable of rapidly organizing combat missions in virtually any environment. Approximately 300 LCE navies and sailors provide combat support such as procurement, maintenance, transportation, explosive ordnance disposal, military police, water production and distribution, engineering, medical and dental services, fuel storage and distribution, and other services for the deployed EMU. The LCE gives the MEU the ability to self-sustain for 15 days in harsh shipping environments. The Land Combat Element (CSE) of an MEU is a Battalion Landing Team (BLT), is an infantry battalion reinforced with approximately 1,200 Marines, including three rifle companies.
These attachments typically include artillery, engineers, light armoured infantry, anti-tank, amphibious assault units, and divisional reconnaissance units. The size and composition of the MRU make them well suited for amphibious operations; security measures; operations carried out by non-combatants or civilians threatened or victims of violence; and serve as mobile training teams. The MEU is an expeditionary force by nature that can operate in foreign countries without U.S. bases and facilities. It has a naval character, useful in conventional operations in the air and on land, and is capable of operating with U.S. fleets worldwide. The combined weapons team of the MEU has considerable strength and is capable of a high level of tactical mobility while providing significant and sustained firepower in a target area. Preparation phase: Training during the six-month preparation phase is often referred to as „crawling, walking, running.“ Marines and sailors follow programs and exercises that teach individual tactics, small units and units while integrating individual elements of the MRU into a cohesive, flexible and powerful force.
The refurbishment phase includes training in many combat and non-combat capabilities, including: These scenarios in the expedition concept for forward operations would instead function infantry as a pioneer in a Pacific battle for aviation and rocket artillery operations. The Logistics Combat Element (TEC) (formerly the Combat Logistics Support Element or CSSE) is based on the Combat Logistics Battalion (CLB) (formerly the MEU Combat Logistics Support Group or MSSG). It contains all the logistics specialists and equipment the MEU needs to sustain and sustain itself for up to 15 days in a rigorous shipping environment. It includes service support (mail and disbursement), medical, dental, intermediate, intermediate supply (consumables and secondary repairs), transportation (distribution and landing support), explosive ordnance disposal, utility production and distribution, bulk fuels, internal communications and various other technical experts. It consists of about 300 members, including sailors from the navy. Nelms also said the 13th MEU continues to further experiment with the Corps` concept of expeditionary operations, where JAMarines will be dispersed on floating barge bases, islands and ships in the Pacific. In 1991, there were six permanent EMUs, three on the East Coast of the United States and three on the West Coast. At any given time, two EMUs were deployed forward, two others were in formation and the other two were rising, moving away or on the way. While the MEU headquarters were permanent organizations, the units assigned to them ran on a 15-month cycle (nine months in the United States and six months in service). A normal deployment involved a „re-evaluation,“ a six-month training and familiarization program in which separate units of the GTGTM were welded together into a unified combat-ready force.
a six-month deployment called a „pump“; and the return trip, which included sales, dishes and transportation home. The MEU is unique in that its air and ground combat elements are combined with a logistical combat element under the direction of a commander. Other services combine command of air and ground forces only at much higher levels of command. Every Marine is a trained rifleman and an advocate for our nation`s ideals, but there are many ways to take on advanced roles. The sensors on the F-35 offer the ability to see a lot of detail with very high precision in a very large operational space, and then share that image, that understanding, not only with the planes, but also with the ships and units on land,“ said Dakota Wood, retired naval officer and senior researcher at the Heritage Foundation. Marine Corps Times said. „Guess what? Some of our ships will go to the bottom with these great sailors and Marines,“ Maj. Gen. David Coffman, director of expeditionary warfare for the chief of naval operations, told the Navy League in early 2018. The GCE consists of about 1,200 men and is built around an infantry battalion that provides ground combat power for the MEU. Standard infantry battalion resources include medium and heavy machine guns, mortars, combined anti-tank teams (JAITTs) and reconnaissance snipers.
While stationed with the MEU, the unit, called the Battalion Landing Team, will be reinforced with Light Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicles (LAVs), tanks, artillery, combat engineers and amphibious assault vehicles (AAVs). Marine Corps operational doctrine emphasizes the integrated air-to-ground team at relatively low command levels. The Maritime Expeditionary Unit (MEU – pronounced M-YOO) is the smallest type of MAGTF. The Marine Expeditionary Unit was previously known as the Marine Amphibious Unit (MAU). The name change reflects capabilities beyond amphibious operations. With a strength of about 2,200 men, the MEU is typically built around a reinforced infantry battalion, a composite aircraft squadron, and a MEU service support group. It is commanded by a colonel and regularly deployed with an Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) to form a sea-based naval expeditionary force deployed at the front. A deployed MRU is an essential part of the national military strategy requirement to maintain a competent forward presence. It is capable of conducting time-limited amphibious operations, acting as an advanced force for a larger successor to the MAGTF, and providing an immediate response capability to a wide range of crises/contingencies by conducting maritime missions. An MEU is capable of providing rapid deployment and employment through amphibious transport, strategic airlift, marriage with MPF funds, or a combination thereof. The EMM`s reconnaissance, command and control, communications and combat capabilities will be enhanced by a significant expansion of FMF resources.
More recently, EMUs have been deployed as part of an Expeditionary Attack Group (ESG) in the Mediterranean, the Western Pacific and regularly in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. An ESG typically consists of three amphibious ships carrying the necessary troops and equipment, accompanied by a guided missile cruiser (GC) and guided-missile destroyers (DDG) and submarines (SSN). The „Special Operations Capable“ designation is not awarded until a unit has successfully completed a special program, has been rigorously tested and certified to carry out 18 special missions: amphibious raids, limited-target attacks, non-combatant evacuations, power demonstration, reinforcement operations, security operations, foreign military training, civilian actions, deception operations, Fire Support Coordination, Counterintelligence, First Terminal Guidance, Electronic Warfare Signal Recognition, Tactical Personnel and Aircraft Recovery (TRAP), Covert Reconnaissance, Urban Field Military Operations (MUT), Explosive Special Operations and Hostage Rescue in Extremism.
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