Forensic medicine is constituted by the detailed study of its history in a science whose fundamental characteristic is that over time it has produced remarkable changes in its approach according to the needs of each epoch, always closely linked to the evolution of humanity itself; From the first techniques for preserving the corpses of the ancient Egyptians to modern molecular biology techniques. However, the great medico-legal responsibility has not changed, because since ancient times, the doctor has faced great penalties due to failed treatments or bad practices, and even in ancient times has paid with life and freedom in modern times. (2009 Tui. Med.;22(1):79-85). Keywords: medicine. History. Forensic medicine. Autopsy. Wound. Trauma. This article focuses on the analysis of incontinence crimes in forensic medicine through the two textbooks written by Dr.
Luis Hidalgo and Carpio. The aim is to study the extent to which not only scientifically sound knowledge is transmitted, but also cultural beliefs that were present in practice at that time. To carry out this analysis, it is first important to conduct a study on the development of forensic medicine. This would help show how he was institutionalized and consolidated as an assistant in the administration of justice in Mexico. The crimes of incontinence are then examined using the manuals of Dr. Luis Hidalgo y Carpio, namely: Introducción al estudio de la medicina legal, published in 1869, and with Gustavo Ruíz y Sandoval, Compendio de medicina legal of 1877. This suggests that they were not only taught by this doctor, but that his ideas were consistent with scientific and cultural influence. On the day of his death, his colleagues and relatives organized a funeral evening in the auditorium of the Academy of Medicine, of which he was president in 1867. The tribute was attended by important personalities and authorities of the time, who recognized the work of Hidalgo y Carpio, who invited his students to be ideal doctors and dedicated his life to public health and medicine with humility, generosity and solidarity.
His contributions to the development and dissemination of national and international medicine constitute his greatest legacy as a pioneer in the democratization of health. 12. In May 1879, Luis Hidalgo y Carpio, a prominent Mexican physician of the nineteenth century, whom his contemporaries considered the best forensic pathologist of his time, died in Mexico City.[1] As a forerunner of forensic medicine in Mexico, he was also a great disseminator of health knowledge, as he was the founder and editor-in-chief of the Medical Gazette of Mexico. Luis Hidalgo y Carpio began writing in 1842, the year he published twelve academic articles in the Journal of the Mexican Academy of Medicine. In 1869 he wrote the text Introduction to the Study of Forensic Medicine, a collection and analysis of his experiences as a residency, which was used as a textbook at the National School of Medicine. In 1877 he concluded his essay with the Compendium of Forensic Medicine, a text of great importance for his time, which forms the basis of the subject of the same name, which was taught in 1878. This makes him a pioneer in this field in Mexico and his writings related to study. He was secretary of the College of Medicine and professor of internal pathology, pharmacology, physiology, outpatient clinic and forensic medicine, during the American invasion he was a military surgeon. Between 1850 and 1874, he was responsible for the management of the newly founded San Pablo Hospital and served for more than a decade on the Supreme Board of Health, founded in 1841. In 1871, at the Juárez Hospital in Mexico, he performed the first removal of the anus and part of the rectum perineally in America and was the first in the world to perform a ligation of the omentum in the hernias of this membrane. He also distinguished himself by his method of controlling inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs.
To his experience, he added forensic medicine and forensics. [2] Hidalgo y Carpio was born on March 18, 1818. In 1838, he enrolled at the Institute of Medical Sciences in Mexico City and graduated as a surgeon in 1843. He was professionally trained as part of the educational reform by Valentín Gómez Farías, who, as vice president of Mexico in 1833, decreed the merger of the careers of medicine and surgery, from which the first surgeons graduated. The doctor from Puebla studied botany because he was interested in herbalism from an early age. He also practiced clinical medicine, treated patients directly, and was interested in the integration of teaching, legal knowledge in his profession – he was a forensic pathologist, forensic expert – and the dissemination of medicine, of which he became editor of specialized publications on health issues. In the 1870s, as a member of the National Academy of Medicine, he distinguished himself as editor of the publication of the distinguished group of nationally recognized physicians: the Medical Gazette of Mexico, whose editorial line was characterized by freedom and expression and variety of articles presented, as long as they were based on the scientific method. This publication contained not only documents in Spanish, but also articles in other languages such as French – since important pathologists and physiologists such as León Coindet were members of the association. In addition to the publication of the Gazette, Luis Hidalgo y Carpio published about 54 works from the first volume (1864) to the fourteenth volume (1879, the year of his death). His articles include „Forensic Medical Classification of Wounds“, „Pathological Anatomy“, „Treatment of Croup by Inhalation of Wet Mercury-Sulfide Vapours“, „Typhoid“ and „Biliary Tumor Successfully Operated by Indirect Puncture“[3], examples that explain the extensive knowledge of the Puebla doctor. Book of abstracts XX National Congress of Argentine Archaeology Claudina Victoria Gonzalez, CLAUDIA ARANDA, Belén Sandoval [1] bit.ly/3L5rMXe [2] bit.ly/3K78z6o [3] María Eugenia Rodríguez Perez, „Luis Hidalgo y Carpio, editor of Gaceta Médica de México (1818-1879)“, Gac Méd Méx Vol.
146 No. 2 (2009): 159-166.
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