Wikipedia articles are updated frequently. For this reason, the date refers to the date on which the cited version of the page was published. Also note that the manual recommends linking to the archived version of the page rather than the current version of the page on the site, as the latter may change over time. Access the archived version by clicking „View History“ and then clicking on the timestamp of the version you want to quote. Website titles should be plain text, but use italics for web pages, articles, etc. For direct citations of online material without pagination, mention the sections and paragraph number: Secondary sources: If you are referring to the ideas or words of an author who has been cited in another book. Also called „secondary citation“. If an online scientific journal article does not have a DOI and is published on a website, provide the URL. If an online scientific article does not have a DOI and is published in a database, do not provide URLs or database information.
The only exception is databases that publish limited edition articles (such as ERIC) or that are only available in that particular database (such as UpToDate). Note that recovery data is required for non-archived sources that are likely or intentionally to change over time. Note: Since cloud documents can potentially change URLs, the APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) if available, rather than the URL. DOIs are an attempt to provide stable and lasting links for online articles. They are unique to their documents and consist of a long alphanumeric code. Many editors – but not all – include the DOI of an article on the first page of the document. It can be difficult to cite sources from websites because they are not standardized in the same way as journal articles or books. This video from the Valencia East Library walks you through the process using an example from the Center for Disease Control website. Example: Amanda Mabillard manages the Shakespeare Online website (www.shakespeare-online.com/).
Note: If there are no visible page or paragraph numbers, you can specify the section title and paragraph number to identify the origin of your quote. In this example, there is only one paragraph under the specific heading, so no paragraph number is required. If an interview is not available in audio or print form, cite the interview only in the text (not in the reference list) and indicate the month, day and year in the text. If the transcript of the interview is published in an online newspaper such as a magazine, cite the interview in the same manner as you would cite the medium in which it is published, as shown below: Do not cite standard office software (e.g., Word, Excel) or programming languages. Provide references only for specific software. Also note that some online bibliographies indicate the DOI of an article, but may „hide“ the code under a button, which may be „Article“ or an abbreviation of a vendor`s name such as „CrossRef“ or „PubMed“. This button usually takes the user to the full article that contains the DOI. Find DOIs from print publications or those that lead to dead links with the doi.org „Resolve a DOI“ feature available on the home page of the website. APA 7 treats Wikipedia articles as special cases of entries in reference works.
Therefore, there are some differences between reference entries for Wikipedia pages and those for generic websites. When quoting online course notes, be sure to indicate the file format in parentheses after the conference title (for example, PowerPoint slides, Word document). It is not necessary to note that you used an e-book or audiobook if the content is identical to a physical book. However, you should distinguish between the eBook or audiobook and the print version if the content is different or shortened, or if you want to quote the narrator of an audiobook. For an online journal article without DOI (except those extracted from a library database), specify the direct URL of the article. If the page names an individual author, enter their name first: Note: A dictionary, thesaurus, or online encyclopedia can be constantly updated and therefore does not include a publication date (as in the example below). If so, use „nd“ for the date and include the recovery date in the citation. A „global movement towards a more naturalistic approach to childbirth“ (Goldbas, 2012, cited in Sullivan & McGuiness, 2015, p. 20). The review of OR Goldbas (2012, quoted in Sullivan & McGuiness, 2015) shows. Emails are not included in the bibliography, but you must cite them in parentheses in your main text: APA 7th edition does not provide instructions for citing abstracts.
However, if you are only using information from the abstract, but the full text of the article is also available, we recommend that you add „[Abstract]“ after the name of the article or source. If the full text is not available, you can use a summary available through a summary database as a secondary source. Mabillard, A. (2011, December 29). Shakespeare online. www.shakespeare-online.com/ Note: Below is a list of the most frequently cited electronic sources. For a complete list of how electronic sources are cited, see the 7th edition of the APA Publication Guide. Name, F. M.
(year). Book title [eBook edition]. Editor. Sample URL: The design team created a website for Jam Jar (www.jam-jar.ca/). If it is an audio file or transcript published in a database, indicate the interviewee as the author and use the following template: Note: The person or group who uploaded the video is considered the author. If the author`s name matches the username, you can omit [Username]. Little River Canyon National Preserve (nd). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from www.facebook.com/lirinps/ („Job title“, year, section section section section name, paragraph paragraph). „Black tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water“ (Ruxton, 2016, p.
34). OR Ruxton (2016) suggests that „unsweetened tea may be part of a recommended diet“ (p. 40). If you don`t know the full date, enter as much information as possible. For example, you can have a year, but not a month or a day. Prime, K. (host). (2019, March 29). For Whom the Cowbell Rings . In the Radiolab. WNYC Studios.
www.wnycstudios.org/story/whom-cowbell-tolls National Geographic [@NatGeo]. (January 12, 2020). Scientists knew African shades of gray were clever, but it has now been documented that they help other members of their species – even outsiders [tweet; Thumbnail link to article]. Chirp. twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1216346352063537154 Note: This page contains the latest version of the ABS Publication Guide (i.e. APA 7), which was published in October 2019. The appropriate resource for the old APA 6 style can be found here. Note: If the dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia does not contain any output, simply skip this step. Note: If there was a chapter or section number instead of a publication number, it would be inserted after the title in the same place as the publication number: (Chapter xx) or (Section xx). Nurses need to be both caring and competent (Geraghty et al., 2016). OR Geraghty et al.
(2016) suggest. (E. Robbins, personal communication, 4 January 2001). Name of the institution or organization. (year). The title of the entry. In the title of the reference work. URL. include stereotypical depictions of evil characters in the film (Marion et al., 2018). Jar of jam. (n.d.). Jam Jar advertisement.
www.jam-jar.ca/commercial American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21). Justice done: Case of more than 40 victims of dog fighting closed. www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims Smith, C. (2017, October 13). AI and machine learning demystified [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. www.slideshare.net/carologic/ai-and-machine-learning-demystified-by-carol-smith-at-midwest-ux-2017 If the year is known for the original work, indicate it and the year of publication you read. in all endpoints (Christensen et al., 2019). OR Christensen et al. (2019).
Rucker, P., & Parker A. (2018, January 8). The White House is struggling to silence discussions about Trump`s mental health. The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/ Kmec, J. (2012, March 13). Where is the boss? And what counts as „work“? Company pages. thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/03/13/wheres-the-boss-and-what-counts-as-work/ Maplesoft.
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